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[Source - Carolyn Hamilton for FHYA, 2019: Leibhammer made the selection for the FHYA with the following considerations in mind: objects had to have been made in the 19th or early 20th centuries and had to have come from the KwaZulu-Natal region. Leibhammer also made sure to select a range of donors that included anthropologists, female collectors, and military or colonial officials. She ensured that the selection included a range of genre, such as carved wooden objects, metal and beadwork items. She also selected objects where she knew of the existence of similar objects in other collections that were likely to throw light on the objects at MMA. She thus relied in part on information gleaned from the MAA accession records and in part on her own knowledge of the field.

[Source - Chloe Rushovich for FHYA using Nessa Leibhammer and Rachel Hand’s notes, 2017: Rachel Hand, the Collections Manager for Anthropology at the Museum of Archaeology and Anthropology at the University of Cambridge, along with Nessa Leibhammer for the FHYA, searched the MAA online database for all the items in the MAA collection that were labelled ‘Zulu’; ‘Natal’; ‘Zululand’; ‘KwaZulu-Natal’; and the term at the time for the inhabitants of southern Natal and the Northern Cape, [K-word]. Hand found the relevant material in MAA’s 3 stores. Leibhammer then manually combed through the Southern African card drawer and photographed the related catalogue cards, Accession Registers, and Annual Reports. During this process, Leibhammer narrowed the number of items for FHYA consideration from the 461 items initially identified to 75 items. The FHYA selection is co-terminus with Leibhammer’s selection.

The FHYA is also concerned with the archival material associated with historical objects, such as notes, catalogue cards, labels, accession registers, and annual reports. This material is a part of the history of both the museum and the object. MAA used catalogue cards to add additional object information from the very first accessions back in 1884 and replacement cards were made if the original was lost- usually using both different pens, and terms. Original sale or collector labels were sometimes stuck to the cards to add biographical layers of information, as well as letters, and, later, photographs. Staff and sometimes visitors, would add comments on provenances, measurements and locations over time. Reconnecting an author with their annotations can add to knowledge of the object’s history and associations. The era and author of the cards also is reflected in their physical aspects: initially details were handwritten in ink, the 1930s saw cards stamped and written on a typewriter, followed variously by handwritten details in ballpoint pen, finally moving to word-processed and laser printed texts. Like the cards the physical type of paper and pen used can suggest dates as well as authors. They can be used to confirm the identity of misplaced objects, e.g. Henry Bulwer’s collection bears distinctive long, rectangular shaped paper labels and his cursive script. Early labels were handwritten in ink, on small rectangular paper or parchment label and tied through small metal reinforced holes. Others were glued directly to the object. Smaller rectangular or square paper labels, with a printed outline, usually stuck directly to the object, usually originate in late nineteenth or early twentieth century salerooms or via a collector. Larger circular, metal-edged labels were written in the museum, probably from the 1970s onwards. The 1980s brought larger labels on thick yellow paper and remained handwritten. From c.2000, MAA has used acid-free yellowish paper labels, that are written on in light-sensitive and waterproof ink. The FHYA organized this material into ‘series’, with each series being named after the primary collector of the material.]

[Source - Chloe Rushovich for FHYA, 2018: No biographical information for H. Baldry is available. Material collected by H. Baldry was accessioned into the Museum of Archaeology and Anthropology at the University of Cambridge in 1927. The FHYA selection of this material consists of objects from the FHYA target area of KwaZulu-Natal and immediately adjacent regions.]

[Source - Nessa Leibhammer for FHYA using Wikipedia, 2017: Sir Henry Ernest Gascoyne Bulwer, the nephew of Sir Henry Lytton Bulwer, was a British colonial administrator and diplomat. He was the Lieutenant Governor of the Colony of Natal from 1875-1880, and the Governor of the Colony of Natal and Special Commissioner for ‘Zulu Affairs’ from 1882-1885. His complete collection in Museum of Archaeology and Anthropology at the University of Cambridge comprises of c.154 objects classified by MAA as being of ‘Zulu’ and ‘Matebele’ manufacture. The FHYA selection of this material consists of objects from the FHYA target area of KwaZulu-Natal and immediately adjacent regions.]

[Source - Chloe Rushovich for FHYA using the obituary of Henry Wemyss Feilden published in (1921), Obituary. Ibis, 63: 726–732. doi:10.1111/j.1474-919X.1921.tb01297.x, 2017: Colonel Henry Wemyss Feilden was born in 1838, and was the second son of Sir William Feilden. He served in the army in South Africa during the Boer Campaign of 1881 and the Boer War of 1890, where he worked as the Paymaster of Imperial Yeomanry. The Museum of Archaeology and Anthropology at the University of Cambridge acquired some ethnographic material from Foster. This material was accessioned in the late 1800s. The FHYA selection of this material consists of objects from the FHYA target area of KwaZulu-Natal and immediately adjacent regions.]

[Source - Nessa Leibhammer for FHYA using The London Gazette (published Oct 2, 1900), 2017: Captain J.E. Forster (also written as Foster) was a member of the 3rd Battalion of the York and Lancaster Regiment who was seconded for service with Line Battalion in South Africa on the 3rd of October 1900. The Museum of Archaeology and Anthropology at the University of Cambridge acquired some ethnographic material from Foster. This material was accessioned in 1900. The FHYA selection of this material consists of objects from the FHYA target area of KwaZulu-Natal and immediately adjacent regions.]

[Source - Nessa Leibhammer for FHYA using Wikipedia, 2017: Sir Henry Bartle Frere was the British High Commissioner for Southern Africa from 1877 to 1880. During his time as High Commissioner he attempted to merge the states of southern Africa into a British Confederation – this attempt was unsuccessful, and led to resistance, and, ultimately, the Anglo-Zulu and Anglo-Boer wars. Some of the specimens he collected were donated by his sister, Mary Frere, in 1912.]

[Source - Chloe Rushovich for FHYA using the Cambridge University Library website, 2017: Alfred Cort Haddon was a zoologist, ethnologist, and anthropologist in the late 1800s and early 1900s. He was a lecturer at the University of Cambridge and was a Fellow of Christ’s Church. His papers, and their associated materials, were deposited at the Cambridge University Library by the Cambridge University Museum of Archaeology and Ethnology in 1968. The FHYA selection of Haddon items consist of material collected by Haddon in the Natal leg of the 1905 visit of the British Association to South Africa. During the course of this trip, Haddon collected items which are currently held in the Museum of Archaeology and Anthropology in Cambridge.]

[Source - Nessa Leibhammer for FHYA using MAA materials, 2017: Ernest Balfour Haddon was the son of Alfred Cort Haddon. He was Assistant District Commissioner in Gondokoro in the southern Sudan, then worked in Uganda. During WWI he was an Honourable Captain in the Uganda Carrier Corps. He worked as the Postal Censor in Uganda from 1935-1945. Some of the items of anthropological importance collected by E.B. Haddon are housed in the Museum of Archaeology and Anthropology at the University of Cambridge. The FHYA selection of this material consists of objects from the FHYA target area of KwaZulu-Natal and immediately adjacent regions.]

[Source - Chloe Rushovich for FHYA using thewardrobe.org website and material provided by Nessa Leibhammer, 2017: There is no biographical information for C. B. H Haynes, but he may have been a part of the 2nd Battalion, Royal Berkshire Regiment in South Africa during the Boer War. B. Haynes donated material collected by C.B.H. Haynes to the Museum of Archaeology and Anthropology at the University of Cambridge on behalf of the Haynes family. This material was accessioned by MAA in 1977. The FHYA selection of this material consists of objects from the FHYA target area of KwaZulu-Natal and immediately adjacent regions.]

[Source - Chloe Rushovich for FHYA using the Obituary Notice for Murray written in the Journal of General Microbiology, 1967 Vol. 46, and the McGill University Department of Microbiology and Immunology website, 2017: Dr. Everitt G.D. Murray became the first chairman of the Department of Bacteriology at McGill University in 1931. In addition to his various academic posts, Murray actively served McGill’s teaching hospitals. Until 1955 he was Bacteriologist-in-Chief of the Royal Victoria Hospital. Murray collected ethnographic and biological material from southern Africa, some of which is housed in the Museum of Archaeology and Anthropology at the University of Cambridge. The FHYA selection of this material consists of objects from the FHYA target area of KwaZulu-Natal and immediately adjacent regions.]

[Source - Nessa Leibhammer for FHYA using MAA materials, 2016: Sir William Ridgeway was the Chairman of the School of Archaeology and Anthropology at Cambridge, and the Disney Professor of Archaeology. He first appears in the MAA records in 1896 when he became a member of The Antiquarian Committee and donated several archaeological artefacts to the collection, AR 1896.75-88. He remained an avid collector, with a particular interest in currency, but contributed to collections from many regions of the world. He died in 1926 and bequeathed his archaeological and ethnographic collections to MAA. The FHYA selection of this material consists of objects from the FHYA target area of KwaZulu-Natal and immediately adjacent regions.]

[Source - Nessa Leibhammer for FHYA using archivewales.org, 2017: Professor Roderick Urwick Sayce was a social anthropologist and the editor of Montgomeryshire Collections. He received a Master’s in Geography from the University College of Wales, Aberystwyth. From 1921 to 1927 he was the head of the Department of Geography and Geology at the University College of Natal in South Africa. He then lectured in Physical Anthropology and Material Culture at Cambridge University and from 1935 to 1957 was Keeper of the Victoria Museum at Manchester University as well as being an Honorary Lecturer in Anthropology. Sayce was editor of the Royal Anthropological Institute of Great Britain’s Anthropological Journal, 1934-1936. The Museum of Archaeology and Anthropology at the University of Cambridge acquired some ethnographic material from Sayce. The FHYA selection of this material consists of objects from the FHYA target area of KwaZulu-Natal and immediately adjacent regions.]

[Source - Chloe Rushovich for FHYA, 2018: Ethnographic and archaeological material from unknown collectors is housed at the Museum of Archaeology and Anthropology at the University of Cambridge. The FHYA selection of this material consists of objects from the FHYA target area of KwaZulu-Natal and immediately adjacent regions.]

[Source - Chloe Rushovich for FHYA using MAA website, 2017: Baron Anatole von Hügel was appointed the first Curator of what was then called the Museum of General and Local Archaeology at the University of Cambridge in 1884, a position he would hold for the next thirty-eight years. During his time as Curator, he donated his own materials from his time in Fiji, he raised money to construct the new premises of the museum at Downing Street and oversaw the move to this location. He also corresponded with collectors, travellers, and researchers from around the world, and steadily built up the collections at the Museum. He died in 1928. The FHYA selection of this material consists of objects from the FHYA target area of KwaZulu-Natal and immediately adjacent regions.]

[Source - Nessa Leibhammer for FHYA using Wikipedia, 2017: Alice Werner was a writer, poet, and teacher of the ‘Bantu’ language. After visiting Nyasaland in 1893 and Natal in 1894, much of her writings focused on African themes. She was a professor of Swahili and Bantu languages at the School of Oriental and African Studies and the University of London. The Museum of Archaeology and Anthropology at the University of Cambridge acquired some ethnographic material from Werner. The FHYA selection of this material consists of objects from the FHYA target area of KwaZulu-Natal and immediately adjacent regions.]

[Source - Chloe Rushovich for FHYA using The Complete Peerage by George Edward Cokayne; the St Mary’s Slindon website (www.stmarysslindon.co.uk/wp-content/uploads/2015/02/Beaumont-Lady-Violet.doc); and the Slindon Village website, 2017: Frederick F. J. Wootton Isaacson was the son of MP for Stepney, Frederick Wootton Isaacson, and Elizabeth Isaacson, well-known milliner who operated under the trade-name ‘Madame Elise’, and the brother of Lady Violet Beaumont. Frederick F. J. Wootton Isaacson lived in Slindon with his sister, living in Slindon House as Lord of the Manor. In 1917, Slindon House became a Convalescent Hospital, overseen by Lady Beaumont. Post war the house was cleared, and Lady Beaumont and Wootton Isaacson were able to resume normal life. Lady Beaumont donated material collected by her brother to the Museum of Archaeology and Anthropology at the University of Cambridge. This material was accessioned in 1948. The FHYA selection of this material consists of objects from the FHYA target area of KwaZulu-Natal and immediately adjacent regions.]

[Source - Debra Pryor for FHYA, 2020: Contains a pdf comprising all the related selections from the MAA accessions register. A complete copy of the register is not availble online, but if you would like to view it please contact the MAA directly.]